Most alto and bass clarinets have an extra key to allow a low E♭. Nearly all soprano and piccolo clarinets have keywork enabling them to play the E below middle C as their lowest written note. The actual lowest concert pitch depends on the transposition of the instrument in question in the case of the B♭, the concert pitch is a whole tone lower than the written pitch. The bottom of the clarinet’s written range is defined by the keywork on each particular instrument there are standard keywork schemes with some variability. The bass clarinet has a characteristically deep, mellow sound. The tone of the E♭ clarinet is quite a bit brighter than any other member of the widely-used clarinet family and is known for its distinctive ability to cut through even loud orchestral textures this effect was utilized by such 20th century composers as Mahler, Copland, Shostakovich, and Stravinsky. The A clarinet sound is a little darker, richer, and less brilliant than that of the more common B♭ clarinet, though the difference is relatively small. The modern clarinetist has an eclectic palette of "acceptable" tone qualities to choose from, especially when working with an open-minded teacher. This has led to decreased homogeneity of styles of clarinet playing. Increasingly, through the proliferation of recording technology and the internet, examples of many different styles of clarinet playing are available to developing clarinetists today. The most prominent of these schools were the German/Viennese traditions and the French school, centered around the clarinetists of the Conservatoire de Paris. The differences in instruments and geographical isolation of players in different nations led to the development, from the last part of the 18th century on, of several different schools of clarinet playing. In contrast, the French clarinet typically has a lighter, brighter tone quality. The German ( Oehler system) clarinet generally has a darker tone quality than the French ( Boehm system). The tone quality varies greatly with the musician, the music, the style of clarinet, the reed, and humidity. It has a very wide compass, which is showcased in chamber, orchestral, and wind band writing. The clarinet has a distinctive timbre, resulting from the shape of the cylindrical bore, whose characteristics vary between its three main registers: the chalumeau (low), clarion or clarino (middle), and altissimo (high). Older clarinets were nominally tuned to meantone, and a skilled performer can use his or her embouchure to considerably alter the tuning of individual notes.Ī person who plays the clarinet is called a clarinetist, sometimes spelled "clarinettist". Since approximately 1850, clarinets have been nominally tuned according to 12-tone equal-temperament.
The unmodified word clarinet usually refers to the B♭ soprano, by far the most common clarinet.
Of these many are rare or obsolete, and music written for them is usually played on one of the more common size instruments. It is the largest such instrument family, with more than two dozen types. (See Characteristics of the instrument.)Ĭlarinets actually comprise a family of instruments of differing sizes and pitches. The instrument has an approximately cylindrical bore, and uses a single reed. The name derives from adding the suffix -et meaning little to the Italian word clarino meaning a particular trumpet, as the first clarinets had a strident tone similar to that of a trumpet. The clarinet is a musical instrument in the woodwind family. Two soprano clarinets: a B♭ clarinet (left) and an A clarinet (right, with no mouthpiece).
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